Breastfeeding basics and problems

Breastfeeding is natural, but it often has to be learned. Having trouble in the first weeks is normal. WHO advises breast milk alone for the first six months, then breastfeeding alongside other foods up to two years and beyond. Women who cannot or choose not to breastfeed, for whatever reason, are good mothers too. A baby can also grow up healthy on properly prepared formula.

• If you can, put your baby to the breast in the first hour after birth. The first milk (colostrum) comes in small amounts but is very valuable.
• Feed when your baby asks. Newborns usually feed 8–12 times in 24 hours.
• A good latch: the mouth is wide open, with the nipple and much of the darker area around it inside.
• No water or other drinks are needed in the first six months.

After the first week, good signs are about six wet diapers a day, steady weight gain and a settled baby after feeds.

• Sore, cracked nipples. The latch is often the cause. Change position and ask for help.
• Engorged breasts. Feed more often and express a little if needed.
• Blocked duct. A painful hard area appears. Keep feeding.
• Mastitis. A breast infection or inflammation with redness, pain and fever. You can usually keep feeding, but see a doctor.
• Thrush on the nipples. This can cause burning pain and itching.

Check any medicine with a doctor or pharmacist while breastfeeding. Avoid alcohol and smoking.